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 /*

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.

  *

  * Copyright 2021 Mike Becker, Olaf Wintermann All rights reserved.

  *

  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  *

  *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

  *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

  *

  *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

  *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

  *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

  *

  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"

  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE

  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE

  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE

  * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR

  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF

  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS

  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN

  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)

  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE

  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

  */

 /**

  * \file string.h

  * \brief Strings that know their length.

  * \author Mike Becker

  * \author Olaf Wintermann

  * \version 3.0

  * \copyright 2-Clause BSD License

  */

 #ifndef UCX_STRING_H

 #define UCX_STRING_H

 #include "common.h"

 #include "allocator.h"

 /**

  * The UCX string structure.

  */

 struct cx_mutstr_s {

     /**

      * A pointer to the string.

      * \note The string is not necessarily \c NULL terminated.

      * Always use the length.

      */

     char *ptr;

     /** The length of the string */

     size_t length;

 };

 /**

  * A mutable string.

  */

 typedef struct cx_mutstr_s cxmutstr;

 /**

  * The UCX string structure for immutable (constant) strings.

  */

 struct cx_string_s {

     /**

      * A pointer to the immutable string.

      * \note The string is not necessarily \c NULL terminated.

      * Always use the length.

      */

     char const *ptr;

     /** The length of the string */

     size_t length;

 };

 /**

  * An immutable string.

  */

 typedef struct cx_string_s cxstring;

 /**

  * A literal initializer for an UCX string structure.

  *

  * The argument MUST be a string (const char*) \em literal.

  *

  * @param literal the string literal

  */

 #define CX_STR(literal) {literal, sizeof(literal) - 1}

 #ifdef __cplusplus

 extern "C" {

 #endif

 /**

  * Wraps a mutable string that must be zero-terminated.

  *

  * The length is implicitly inferred by using a call to \c strlen().

  *

  * \note the wrapped string will share the specified pointer to the string.

  * If you do want a copy, use cx_strdup() on the return value of this function.

  *

  * If you need to wrap a constant string, use cx_str().

  *

  * @param cstring the string to wrap, must be zero-terminated

  * @return the wrapped string

  *

  * @see cx_mutstrn()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__, __nonnull__))

 cxmutstr cx_mutstr(char *cstring);

 /**

  * Wraps a string that does not need to be zero-terminated.

  *

  * The argument may be \c NULL if the length is zero.

  *

  * \note the wrapped string will share the specified pointer to the string.

  * If you do want a copy, use cx_strdup() on the return value of this function.

  *

  * If you need to wrap a constant string, use cx_strn().

  *

  * @param cstring  the string to wrap (or \c NULL, only if the length is zero)

  * @param length   the length of the string

  * @return the wrapped string

  *

  * @see cx_mutstr()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxmutstr cx_mutstrn(

         char *cstring,

         size_t length

 );

 /**

  * Wraps a string that must be zero-terminated.

  *

  * The length is implicitly inferred by using a call to \c strlen().

  *

  * \note the wrapped string will share the specified pointer to the string.

  * If you do want a copy, use cx_strdup() on the return value of this function.

  *

  * If you need to wrap a non-constant string, use cx_mutstr().

  *

  * @param cstring the string to wrap, must be zero-terminated

  * @return the wrapped string

  *

  * @see cx_strn()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__, __nonnull__))

 cxstring cx_str(char const *cstring);

 /**

  * Wraps a string that does not need to be zero-terminated.

  *

  * The argument may be \c NULL if the length is zero.

  *

  * \note the wrapped string will share the specified pointer to the string.

  * If you do want a copy, use cx_strdup() on the return value of this function.

  *

  * If you need to wrap a non-constant string, use cx_mutstrn().

  *

  * @param cstring  the string to wrap (or \c NULL, only if the length is zero)

  * @param length   the length of the string

  * @return the wrapped string

  *

  * @see cx_str()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxstring cx_strn(

         char const *cstring,

         size_t length

 );

 /**

 * Casts a mutable string to an immutable string.

 *

 * \note This is not seriously a cast. Instead you get a copy

 * of the struct with the desired pointer type. Both structs still

 * point to the same location, though!

 *

 * @param str the mutable string to cast

 * @return an immutable copy of the string pointer

 */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxstring cx_strcast(cxmutstr str);

 /**

  * Passes the pointer in this string to \c free().

  *

  * The pointer in the struct is set to \c NULL and the length is set to zero.

  *

  * \note There is no implementation for cxstring, because it is unlikely that

  * you ever have a \c char \c const* you are really supposed to free. If you

  * encounter such situation, you should double-check your code.

  *

  * @param str the string to free

  */

 __attribute__((__nonnull__))

 void cx_strfree(cxmutstr *str);

 /**

  * Passes the pointer in this string to the allocators free function.

  *

  * The pointer in the struct is set to \c NULL and the length is set to zero.

  *

  * \note There is no implementation for cxstring, because it is unlikely that

  * you ever have a \c char \c const* you are really supposed to free. If you

  * encounter such situation, you should double-check your code.

  *

  * @param alloc the allocator

  * @param str the string to free

  */

 __attribute__((__nonnull__))

 void cx_strfree_a(

         CxAllocator *alloc,

         cxmutstr *str

 );

 /**

  * Returns the accumulated length of all specified strings.

  *

  * \attention if the count argument is larger than the number of the

  * specified strings, the behavior is undefined.

  *

  * @param count    the total number of specified strings

  * @param ...      all strings

  * @return the accumulated length of all strings

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 size_t cx_strlen(

         size_t count,

         ...

 );

 /**

  * Concatenates two or more strings.

  *

  * The resulting string will be allocated by the specified allocator.

   * So developers \em must pass the return value to cx_strfree() eventually.

   *

   * \note It is guaranteed that there is only one allocation.

   * It is also guaranteed that the returned string is zero-terminated.

  *

  * @param alloc the allocator to use

  * @param count   the total number of strings to concatenate

  * @param ...     all strings

  * @return the concatenated string

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__, __nonnull__))

 cxmutstr cx_strcat_a(

         CxAllocator *alloc,

         size_t count,

         ...

 );

 /**

  * Concatenates two or more strings.

  *

  * The resulting string will be allocated by standard \c malloc().

  * So developers \em must pass the return value to cx_strfree() eventually.

  *

  * \note It is guaranteed that there is only one allocation.

  * It is also guaranteed that the returned string is zero-terminated.

  *

  * @param count   the total number of strings to concatenate

  * @param ...     all strings

  * @return the concatenated string

  */

 #define cx_strcat(count, ...) \

 cx_strcat_a(cxDefaultAllocator, count, __VA_ARGS__)

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the specified location.

  *

  * \attention the new string references the same memory area as the

  * input string and is usually \em not zero-terminated.

  * Use cx_strdup() to get a copy.

  *

  * @param string input string

  * @param start  start location of the substring

  * @return a substring of \p string starting at \p start

  *

  * @see cx_strsubsl()

  * @see cx_strsubs_m()

  * @see cx_strsubsl_m()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxstring cx_strsubs(

         cxstring string,

         size_t start

 );

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the specified location.

  *

  * The returned string will be limited to \p length bytes or the number

  * of bytes available in \p string, whichever is smaller.

  *

  * \attention the new string references the same memory area as the

  * input string and is usually \em not zero-terminated.

  * Use cx_strdup() to get a copy.

  *

  * @param string input string

  * @param start  start location of the substring

  * @param length the maximum length of the returned string

  * @return a substring of \p string starting at \p start

  *

  * @see cx_strsubs()

  * @see cx_strsubs_m()

  * @see cx_strsubsl_m()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxstring cx_strsubsl(

         cxstring string,

         size_t start,

         size_t length

 );

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the specified location.

  *

  * \attention the new string references the same memory area as the

  * input string and is usually \em not zero-terminated.

  * Use cx_strdup() to get a copy.

  *

  * @param string input string

  * @param start  start location of the substring

  * @return a substring of \p string starting at \p start

  *

  * @see cx_strsubsl_m()

  * @see cx_strsubs()

  * @see cx_strsubsl()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxmutstr cx_strsubs_m(

         cxmutstr string,

         size_t start

 );

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the specified location.

  *

  * The returned string will be limited to \p length bytes or the number

  * of bytes available in \p string, whichever is smaller.

  *

  * \attention the new string references the same memory area as the

  * input string and is usually \em not zero-terminated.

  * Use cx_strdup() to get a copy.

  *

  * @param string input string

  * @param start  start location of the substring

  * @param length the maximum length of the returned string

  * @return a substring of \p string starting at \p start

  *

  * @see cx_strsubs_m()

  * @see cx_strsubs()

  * @see cx_strsubsl()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxmutstr cx_strsubsl_m(

         cxmutstr string,

         size_t start,

         size_t length

 );

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the location of the first occurrence of the

  * specified character.

  *

  * If the string does not contain the character, an empty string is returned.

  *

  * @param string the string where to locate the character

  * @param chr    the character to locate

  * @return       a substring starting at the first location of \p chr

  *

  * @see cx_strchr_m()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxstring cx_strchr(

         cxstring string,

         int chr

 );

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the location of the first occurrence of the

  * specified character.

  *

  * If the string does not contain the character, an empty string is returned.

  *

  * @param string the string where to locate the character

  * @param chr    the character to locate

  * @return       a substring starting at the first location of \p chr

  *

  * @see cx_strchr()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxmutstr cx_strchr_m(

         cxmutstr string,

         int chr

 );

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the location of the last occurrence of the

  * specified character.

  *

  * If the string does not contain the character, an empty string is returned.

  *

  * @param string the string where to locate the character

  * @param chr    the character to locate

  * @return       a substring starting at the last location of \p chr

  *

  * @see cx_strrchr_m()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxstring cx_strrchr(

         cxstring string,

         int chr

 );

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the location of the last occurrence of the

  * specified character.

  *

  * If the string does not contain the character, an empty string is returned.

  *

  * @param string the string where to locate the character

  * @param chr    the character to locate

  * @return       a substring starting at the last location of \p chr

  *

  * @see cx_strrchr()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxmutstr cx_strrchr_m(

         cxmutstr string,

         int chr

 );

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the location of the first occurrence of the

  * specified string.

  *

  * If \p haystack does not contain \p needle, an empty string is returned.

  *

  * If \p needle is an empty string, the complete \p haystack is

  * returned.

  *

  * @param haystack the string to be scanned

  * @param needle  string containing the sequence of characters to match

  * @return       a substring starting at the first occurrence of

  *               \p needle, or an empty string, if the sequence is not

  *               contained

  * @see cx_strstr_m()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxstring cx_strstr(

         cxstring haystack,

         cxstring needle

 );

 /**

  * Returns a substring starting at the location of the first occurrence of the

  * specified string.

  *

  * If \p haystack does not contain \p needle, an empty string is returned.

  *

  * If \p needle is an empty string, the complete \p haystack is

  * returned.

  *

  * @param haystack the string to be scanned

  * @param needle  string containing the sequence of characters to match

  * @return       a substring starting at the first occurrence of

  *               \p needle, or an empty string, if the sequence is not

  *               contained

  * @see cx_strstr()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxmutstr cx_strstr_m(

         cxmutstr haystack,

         cxstring needle

 );

 /**

  * Splits a given string using a delimiter string.

  *

  * \note The resulting array contains strings that point to the source

  * \p string. Use cx_strdup() to get copies.

  *

  * @param string the string to split

  * @param delim  the delimiter

  * @param limit the maximum number of split items

  * @param output a pre-allocated array of at least \p limit length

  * @return the actual number of split items

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__, __nonnull__))

 size_t cx_strsplit(

         cxstring string,

         cxstring delim,

         size_t limit,

         cxstring *output

 );

 /**

  * Splits a given string using a delimiter string.

  *

  * The array pointed to by \p output will be allocated by \p allocator.

  *

  * \note The resulting array contains strings that point to the source

  * \p string. Use cx_strdup() to get copies.

  *

  * \attention If allocation fails, the \c NULL pointer will be written to

  * \p output and the number returned will be zero.

  *

  * @param allocator the allocator to use for allocating the resulting array

  * @param string the string to split

  * @param delim  the delimiter

  * @param limit the maximum number of split items

  * @param output a pointer where the address of the allocated array shall be

  * written to

  * @return the actual number of split items

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__, __nonnull__))

 size_t cx_strsplit_a(

         CxAllocator *allocator,

         cxstring string,

         cxstring delim,

         size_t limit,

         cxstring **output

 );

 /**

  * Splits a given string using a delimiter string.

  *

  * \note The resulting array contains strings that point to the source

  * \p string. Use cx_strdup() to get copies.

  *

  * @param string the string to split

  * @param delim  the delimiter

  * @param limit the maximum number of split items

  * @param output a pre-allocated array of at least \p limit length

  * @return the actual number of split items

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__, __nonnull__))

 size_t cx_strsplit_m(

         cxmutstr string,

         cxstring delim,

         size_t limit,

         cxmutstr *output

 );

 /**

  * Splits a given string using a delimiter string.

  *

  * The array pointed to by \p output will be allocated by \p allocator.

  *

  * \note The resulting array contains strings that point to the source

  * \p string. Use cx_strdup() to get copies.

  *

  * \attention If allocation fails, the \c NULL pointer will be written to

  * \p output and the number returned will be zero.

  *

  * @param allocator the allocator to use for allocating the resulting array

  * @param string the string to split

  * @param delim  the delimiter

  * @param limit the maximum number of split items

  * @param output a pointer where the address of the allocated array shall be

  * written to

  * @return the actual number of split items

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__, __nonnull__))

 size_t cx_strsplit_ma(

         CxAllocator *allocator,

         cxmutstr string,

         cxstring delim,

         size_t limit,

         cxmutstr **output

 );

 /**

  * Compares two strings.

  *

  * @param s1 the first string

  * @param s2 the second string

  * @return negative if \p s1 is smaller than \p s2, positive if \p s1 is larger

  * than \p s2, zero if both strings equal

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 int cx_strcmp(

         cxstring s1,

         cxstring s2

 );

 /**

  * Compares two strings ignoring case.

  *

  * @param s1 the first string

  * @param s2 the second string

  * @return negative if \p s1 is smaller than \p s2, positive if \p s1 is larger

  * than \p s2, zero if both strings equal ignoring case

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 int cx_strcasecmp(

         cxstring s1,

         cxstring s2

 );

 /**

  * Creates a duplicate of the specified string.

  *

  * The new string will contain a copy allocated by \p allocator.

  *

  * \note The returned string is guaranteed to be zero-terminated.

  *

  * @param allocator the allocator to use

  * @param string the string to duplicate

  * @return a duplicate of the string

  * @see cx_strdup()

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__, __nonnull__))

 cxmutstr cx_strdup_a(

         CxAllocator *allocator,

         cxstring string

 );

 /**

  * Creates a duplicate of the specified string.

  *

  * The new string will contain a copy allocated by standard

  * \c malloc(). So developers \em must pass the return value to cx_strfree().

  *

  * \note The returned string is guaranteed to be zero-terminated.

  *

  * @param string the string to duplicate

  * @return a duplicate of the string

  * @see cx_strdup_a()

  */

 #define cx_strdup(string) cx_strdup_a(cxDefaultAllocator, string)

 /**

  * Omits leading and trailing spaces.

  *

  * \note the returned string references the same memory, thus you

  * must \em not free the returned memory.

  *

  * @param string the string that shall be trimmed

  * @return the trimmed string

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxstring cx_strtrim(cxstring string);

 /**

  * Omits leading and trailing spaces.

  *

  * \note the returned string references the same memory, thus you

  * must \em not free the returned memory.

  *

  * @param string the string that shall be trimmed

  * @return the trimmed string

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 cxmutstr cx_strtrim_m(cxmutstr string);

 /**

  * Checks, if a string has a specific prefix.

  *

  * @param string the string to check

  * @param prefix the prefix the string should have

  * @return \c true, if and only if the string has the specified prefix,

  * \c false otherwise

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 bool cx_strprefix(

         cxstring string,

         cxstring prefix

 );

 /**

  * Checks, if a string has a specific suffix.

  *

  * @param string the string to check

  * @param suffix the suffix the string should have

  * @return \c true, if and only if the string has the specified suffix,

  * \c false otherwise

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 bool cx_strsuffix(

         cxstring string,

         cxstring suffix

 );

 /**

  * Checks, if a string has a specific prefix, ignoring the case.

  *

  * @param string the string to check

  * @param prefix the prefix the string should have

  * @return \c true, if and only if the string has the specified prefix,

  * \c false otherwise

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 bool cx_strcaseprefix(

         cxstring string,

         cxstring prefix

 );

 /**

  * Checks, if a string has a specific suffix, ignoring the case.

  *

  * @param string the string to check

  * @param suffix the suffix the string should have

  * @return \c true, if and only if the string has the specified suffix,

  * \c false otherwise

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))

 bool cx_strcasesuffix(

         cxstring string,

         cxstring suffix

 );

 /**

  * Converts the string to lower case.

  *

  * The change is made in-place. If you want a copy, use cx_strdup(), first.

  *

  * @param string the string to modify

  * @see cx_strdup()

  */

 void cx_strlower(cxmutstr string);

 /**

  * Converts the string to upper case.

  *

  * The change is made in-place. If you want a copy, use cx_strdup(), first.

  *

  * @param string the string to modify

  * @see cx_strdup()

  */

 void cx_strupper(cxmutstr string);

 /**

  * Replaces a pattern in a string with another string.

  *

  * The pattern is taken literally and is no regular expression.

  * Replaces at most \p replmax occurrences.

  *

  * The returned string will be allocated by \p allocator and is guaranteed

  * to be zero-terminated.

  *

  * If allocation fails, or the input string is empty,

  * the returned string will be empty.

  *

  * @param allocator the allocator to use

  * @param str the string where replacements should be applied

  * @param pattern the pattern to search for

  * @param replacement the replacement string

  * @param replmax maximum number of replacements

  * @return the resulting string after applying the replacements

  */

 __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__, __nonnull__))

 cxmutstr cx_strreplacen_a(

         CxAllocator *allocator,

         cxstring str,

         cxstring pattern,

         cxstring replacement,

         size_t replmax

 );

 /**

  * Replaces a pattern in a string with another string.

  *

  * The pattern is taken literally and is no regular expression.

  * Replaces at most \p replmax occurrences.

  *

  * The returned string will be allocated by \c malloc() and is guaranteed

  * to be zero-terminated.

  *

  * If allocation fails, or the input string is empty,

  * the returned string will be empty.

  *

  * @param str the string where replacements should be applied

  * @param pattern the pattern to search for

  * @param replacement the replacement string

  * @param replmax maximum number of replacements

  * @return the resulting string after applying the replacements

  */

 #define cx_strreplacen(str, pattern, replacement, replmax) \

 cx_strreplacen_a(cxDefaultAllocator, str, pattern, replacement, replmax)

 /**

  * Replaces a pattern in a string with another string.

  *

  * The pattern is taken literally and is no regular expression.

  *

  * The returned string will be allocated by \p allocator and is guaranteed

  * to be zero-terminated.

  *

  * If allocation fails, or the input string is empty,

  * the returned string will be empty.

  *

  * @param allocator the allocator to use

  * @param str the string where replacements should be applied

  * @param pattern the pattern to search for

  * @param replacement the replacement string

  * @return the resulting string after applying the replacements

  */

 #define cx_strreplace_a(allocator, str, pattern, replacement) \

 cx_strreplacen_a(allocator, str, pattern, replacement, SIZE_MAX)

 /**

  * Replaces a pattern in a string with another string.

  *

  * The pattern is taken literally and is no regular expression.

  * Replaces at most \p replmax occurrences.

  *

  * The returned string will be allocated by \c malloc() and is guaranteed

  * to be zero-terminated.

  *

  * If allocation fails, or the input string is empty,

  * the returned string will be empty.

  *

  * @param str the string where replacements should be applied

  * @param pattern the pattern to search for

  * @param replacement the replacement string

  * @return the resulting string after applying the replacements

  */

 #define cx_strreplace(str, pattern, replacement) \

 cx_strreplacen_a(cxDefaultAllocator, str, pattern, replacement, SIZE_MAX)

 #ifdef __cplusplus

 } // extern "C"

 #endif

 #endif //UCX_STRING_H