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 /*

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.

  *

  * Copyright 2019 Mike Becker, Olaf Wintermann All rights reserved.

  *

  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  *

  *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

  *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

  *

  *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

  *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

  *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

  *

  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"

  * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE

  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE

  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE

  * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR

  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF

  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS

  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN

  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)

  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE

  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

  */

 /**

  * Dynamically allocated array implementation.

  * 

  * @file   array.h

  * @author Mike Becker

  * @author Olaf Wintermann

  */

 #ifndef UCX_ARRAY_H

 #define	UCX_ARRAY_H

 #include "ucx.h"

 #include "allocator.h"

 #ifdef	__cplusplus

 extern "C" {

 #endif

 /**

  * UCX array type.

  */

 typedef struct {

     /**

      * The current capacity of the array.

      */

     size_t capacity;

     /**

      * The actual number of elements in the array.

      */

     size_t size;

     /**

      * The size of an individual element in bytes.

      */

     size_t elemsize;

     /**

      * A pointer to the data.

      */

     void* data;

     /**

      * The allocator used for the data.

      */

     UcxAllocator* allocator;

 } UcxArray;

 /**

  * Creates a new UCX array with the given capacity and element size.

  * @param capacity the initial capacity

  * @param elemsize the element size

  * @return a new UCX array structure

  */

 UcxArray ucx_array_new(size_t capacity, size_t elemsize);

 /**

  * Creates a new UCX array using the specified allocator.

  * 

  * @param capacity the initial capacity

  * @param elemsize the element size

  * @param allocator the allocator to use

  * @return a new UCX array structure

  */

 UcxArray ucx_array_new_a(size_t capacity, size_t elemsize,

         UcxAllocator* allocator);

 /**

  * Creates an shallow copy of an array.

  * 

  * This function clones the specified array by using memcpy().

  * 

  * @param array the array to copy

  * @return the copy (may be an empty array on allocation errors)

  */

 UcxArray ucx_array_clone(UcxArray array);

 /**

  * Compares two UCX arrays element-wise by using a compare function.

  *

  * Elements of the two specified arrays are compared by using the specified

  * compare function and the additional data. The type and content of this

  * additional data depends on the cmp_func() used.

  * 

  * This function always returns zero, if the element sizes of the arrays do

  * not match and performs no comparisons in this case.

  * 

  * @param array1 the first array

  * @param array2 the second array

  * @param cmpfnc the compare function

  * @param data additional data for the compare function

  * @return 1, if and only if the two arrays equal element-wise, 0 otherwise

  */

 int ucx_array_equals(UcxArray array1, UcxArray array2,

         cmp_func cmpfnc, void* data);

 /**

  * Destroys the array.

  * 

  * The data is freed and both capacity and count are reset to zero.

  * If the array structure itself has been dynamically allocated, it has to be

  * freed separately.

  * 

  * @param array the array to free

  */

 void ucx_array_free(UcxArray *array);

 /**

  * Inserts an element at the end of the array.

  * 

  * This is an O(1) operation.

  * The array will automatically grow, if the capacity is exceeded.

  * If a pointer to data is provided, the data is copied into the array with

  * memcpy(). Otherwise the new element is completely zeroed.

  * 

  * @param array a pointer the array where to append the data

  * @param data a pointer to the data to insert (may be <code>NULL</code>)

  * @return zero on success, non-zero if a reallocation was necessary but failed

  */

 int ucx_array_append(UcxArray *array, void *data);

 /**

  * Inserts an element at the beginning of the array.

  * 

  * This is an expensive operation, because the contents must be moved.

  * If there is no particular reason to prepend data, you should use

  * ucx_array_append() instead.

  * 

  * @param array a pointer the array where to prepend the data

  * @param data a pointer to the data to insert (may be <code>NULL</code>)

  * @return zero on success, non-zero if a reallocation was necessary but failed

  */

 int ucx_array_prepend(UcxArray *array, void *data);

 /**

  * Concatenates two arrays.

  * 

  * The contents of the second array are appended to the first array in one

  * single operation. The second array is otherwise left untouched.

  * 

  * The first array may grow automatically. If this fails, both arrays remain

  * unmodified.

  * 

  * @param array1 first array

  * @param array2 second array

  * @return zero on success, non-zero if reallocation was necessary but failed 

  * or the element size does not match

  */

 int ucx_array_concat(UcxArray *array1, const UcxArray *array2);

 /**

  * Returns a pointer to the array element at the specified index.

  * 

  * @param array the array to retrieve the element from

  * @param index index of the element to return

  * @return a pointer to the element at the specified index or <code>NULL</code>,

  * if the index is greater than the array size

  */

 void *ucx_array_at(UcxArray array, size_t index);

 /**

  * Returns an element of the specified type by value.

  * 

  * This expression can also be assigned to.

  * 

  * If <code>sizeof(type)</code> does not equal the array's element size, the

  * behavior is undefined.

  * If the index is out of bounds, the behavior is undefined.

  * 

  * @param type the type of the element

  * @param array the array to retrieve the element from

  * @param index index of the element to return

  * @return the requested element

  * @see ucx_array_at()

  */

 #define ucx_array_at_typed(type, arr, i) (((type*)((arr).data))[i])

 /**

  * Shorthand for ucx_array_at_typed().

  */

 #define ucx_array_at_int(arr, i) ucx_array_at_typed(int, arr, i)

 /**

  * Shorthand for ucx_array_at_typed().

  */

 #define ucx_array_at_short(arr, i) ucx_array_at_typed(short, arr, i)

 /**

  * Shorthand for ucx_array_at_typed().

  */

 #define ucx_array_at_longint(arr, i) ucx_array_at_typed(long int, arr, i)

 /**

  * Shorthand for ucx_array_at_typed().

  */

 #define ucx_array_at_uint(arr, i) ucx_array_at_typed(unsigned int, arr, i)

 /**

  * Shorthand for ucx_array_at_typed().

  */

 #define ucx_array_at_ushort(arr, i) ucx_array_at_typed(unsigned short, arr, i)

 /**

  * Shorthand for ucx_array_at_typed().

  */

 #define ucx_array_at_ulongint(arr, i) \

     ucx_array_at_typed(unsigned long int, arr, i)

 /**

  * Shorthand for ucx_array_get_typed().

  */

 #define ucx_array_get_float(arr, i) ucx_array_get_typed(float, arr, i)

 /**

  * Shorthand for ucx_array_get_typed().

  */

 #define ucx_array_get_double(arr, i) ucx_array_get_typed(double, arr, i)

 /**

  * Returns the index of an element containing the specified data.

  *

  * This function uses a cmp_func() to compare the data of each list element

  * with the specified data. If no cmp_func is provided, memcmp() is used.

  * 

  * If the array contains the data more than once, the index of the first

  * occurrence is returned.

  * If the array does not contain the data, the size of array is returned.

  *  

  * @param array the array where to search for the data

  * @param elem the element data

  * @param cmpfnc the compare function

  * @param data additional data for the compare function

  * @return the index of the element containing the specified data or the size of

  * the array, if the data is not found in this array

  */

 size_t ucx_array_find(UcxArray array, void *elem, cmp_func cmpfnc, void *data);

 /**

  * Checks, if an array contains a specific element.

  * 

  * An element is found, if ucx_array_find() returns a value less than the size.

  * 

  * @param array the array where to search for the data

  * @param elem the element data

  * @param cmpfnc the compare function

  * @param data additional data for the compare function

  * @return 1, if and only if the array contains the specified element data

  * @see ucx_array_find()

  */

 int ucx_array_contains(UcxArray array, void *elem, cmp_func cmpfnc, void *data);

 /**

  * Sorts a UcxArray with an almost in-place merge sort.

  * 

  * This function uses additional memory for exactly one element.

  * 

  * @param the array to sort

  * @param cmpfnc the function that shall be used to compare the element data

  * @param data additional data for the cmp_func()

  */

 void ucx_array_sort(UcxArray array, cmp_func cmpfnc, void *data);

 /**

  * Removes an element from the array.

  * 

  * This is in general an expensive operation, because several elements may

  * be moved. If the order of the elements is not relevant, use

  * ucx_array_remove_fast() instead.

  * 

  * @param array pointer to the array from which the element shall be removed

  * @param index the index of the element to remove

  */

 void ucx_array_remove(UcxArray *array, size_t index);

 /**

  * Removes an element from the array.

  * 

  * This is an O(1) operation, but does not maintain the order of the elements.

  * The last element in the array is moved to the location of the removed

  * element.

  * 

  * @param array pointer to the array from which the element shall be removed

  * @param index the index of the element to remove

  */

 void ucx_array_remove_fast(UcxArray *array, size_t index);

 /**

  * Shrinks the memory to exactly fit the contents.

  * 

  * After this operation, the capacity equals the size.

  * 

  * @param array a pointer to the array

  * @return zero on success, non-zero if reallocation failed

  */

 int ucx_array_shrink(UcxArray* array);

 /**

  * Sets the capacity of the array.

  * 

  * If the new capacity is smaller than the size of the array, the elements

  * are removed and the size is adjusted accordingly.

  * 

  * @param array a pointer to the array

  * @param capacity the new capacity

  * @return zero on success, non-zero if reallocation failed

  */

 int ucx_array_resize(UcxArray* array, size_t capacity);

 /**

  * Resizes the array only, if the capacity is insufficient.

  * 

  * If the requested capacity is smaller than the current capacity, this

  * function does nothing.

  * 

  * @param array a pointer to the array

  * @param capacity the guaranteed capacity

  * @return zero on success, non-zero if reallocation failed

  */

 int ucx_array_reserve(UcxArray* array, size_t capacity);

 #ifdef	__cplusplus

 }

 #endif

 #endif	/* UCX_ARRAY_H */