src/cx/linked_list.h

Sun, 09 Jul 2023 12:33:20 +0200

author
Mike Becker <universe@uap-core.de>
date
Sun, 09 Jul 2023 12:33:20 +0200
changeset 750
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parent 699
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child 759
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permissions
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update CHANGELOG, COPYING, and README

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1 /*
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2 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
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3 *
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4 * Copyright 2021 Mike Becker, Olaf Wintermann All rights reserved.
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5 *
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6 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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8 *
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9 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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10 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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11 *
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12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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15 *
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16 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
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17 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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18 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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19 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
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20 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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21 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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22 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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23 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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24 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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25 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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26 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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27 */
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28 /**
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29 * \file linked_list.h
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30 * \brief Linked list implementation.
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31 * \details Also provides several low-level functions for custom linked list implementations.
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32 * \author Mike Becker
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33 * \author Olaf Wintermann
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34 * \version 3.0
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35 * \copyright 2-Clause BSD License
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36 */
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37
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38 #ifndef UCX_LINKED_LIST_H
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39 #define UCX_LINKED_LIST_H
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40
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41 #include "common.h"
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42 #include "list.h"
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43
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44 #ifdef __cplusplus
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45 extern "C" {
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46 #endif
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47
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48 /**
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49 * Set this flag to true, if you want to disable the use of SBO for
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50 * linked list swap operations.
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51 */
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52 extern bool CX_DISABLE_LINKED_LIST_SWAP_SBO;
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53
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54 /**
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55 * Allocates a linked list for storing elements with \p item_size bytes each.
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56 *
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57 * If \p item_size is CX_STORE_POINTERS, the created list will be created as if
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58 * cxListStorePointers() was called immediately after creation.
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59 *
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60 * @param allocator the allocator for allocating the list nodes
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61 * (if \c NULL the cxDefaultAllocator will be used)
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62 * @param comparator the comparator for the elements
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63 * (if \c NULL sort and find functions will not work)
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64 * @param item_size the size of each element in bytes
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65 * @return the created list
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66 */
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67 CxList *cxLinkedListCreate(
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68 CxAllocator const *allocator,
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69 cx_compare_func comparator,
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70 size_t item_size
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71 );
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72
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73 /**
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74 * Allocates a linked list for storing elements with \p item_size bytes each.
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75 *
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76 * The list will use cxDefaultAllocator and no comparator function. If you want
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77 * to call functions that need a comparator, you must either set one immediately
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78 * after list creation or use cxLinkedListCreate().
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79 *
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80 * If \p item_size is CX_STORE_POINTERS, the created list will be created as if
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81 * cxListStorePointers() was called immediately after creation.
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82 *
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83 * @param item_size the size of each element in bytes
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84 * @return the created list
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85 */
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86 #define cxLinkedListCreateSimple(item_size) \
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87 cxLinkedListCreate(NULL, NULL, item_size)
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88
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89 /**
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90 * Finds the node at a certain index.
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91 *
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92 * This function can be used to start at an arbitrary position within the list.
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93 * If the search index is large than the start index, \p loc_advance must denote
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94 * the location of some sort of \c next pointer (i.e. a pointer to the next node).
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95 * But it is also possible that the search index is smaller than the start index
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96 * (e.g. in cases where traversing a list backwards is faster) in which case
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97 * \p loc_advance must denote the location of some sort of \c prev pointer
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98 * (i.e. a pointer to the previous node).
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99 *
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100 * @param start a pointer to the start node
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101 * @param start_index the start index
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102 * @param loc_advance the location of the pointer to advance
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103 * @param index the search index
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104 * @return the node found at the specified index
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105 */
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106 void *cx_linked_list_at(
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107 void const *start,
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108 size_t start_index,
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109 ptrdiff_t loc_advance,
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110 size_t index
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111 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__));
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112
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113 /**
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114 * Finds the index of an element within a linked list.
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115 *
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116 * @param start a pointer to the start node
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117 * @param loc_advance the location of the pointer to advance
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118 * @param loc_data the location of the \c data pointer within your node struct
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119 * @param cmp_func a compare function to compare \p elem against the node data
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120 * @param elem a pointer to the element to find
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121 * @return the index of the element or a negative value if it could not be found
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122 */
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123 ssize_t cx_linked_list_find(
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124 void const *start,
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125 ptrdiff_t loc_advance,
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126 ptrdiff_t loc_data,
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127 cx_compare_func cmp_func,
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128 void const *elem
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129 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__));
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130
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131 /**
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132 * Finds the first node in a linked list.
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133 *
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134 * The function starts with the pointer denoted by \p node and traverses the list
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135 * along a prev pointer whose location within the node struct is
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136 * denoted by \p loc_prev.
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137 *
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138 * @param node a pointer to a node in the list
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139 * @param loc_prev the location of the \c prev pointer
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140 * @return a pointer to the first node
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141 */
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142 void *cx_linked_list_first(
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143 void const *node,
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144 ptrdiff_t loc_prev
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145 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__));
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146
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147 /**
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148 * Finds the last node in a linked list.
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149 *
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150 * The function starts with the pointer denoted by \p node and traverses the list
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151 * along a next pointer whose location within the node struct is
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152 * denoted by \p loc_next.
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153 *
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154 * @param node a pointer to a node in the list
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155 * @param loc_next the location of the \c next pointer
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156 * @return a pointer to the last node
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157 */
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158 void *cx_linked_list_last(
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159 void const *node,
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160 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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161 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__));
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162
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163 /**
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164 * Finds the predecessor of a node in case it is not linked.
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165 *
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166 * \remark If \p node is not contained in the list starting with \p begin, the behavior is undefined.
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167 *
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168 * @param begin the node where to start the search
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169 * @param loc_next the location of the \c next pointer
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170 * @param node the successor of the node to find
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171 * @return the node or \c NULL if \p node has no predecessor
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172 */
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173 void *cx_linked_list_prev(
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174 void const *begin,
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175 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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176 void const *node
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177 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__));
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178
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179 /**
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180 * Adds a new node to a linked list.
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181 * The node must not be part of any list already.
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182 *
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183 * \remark One of the pointers \p begin or \p end may be \c NULL, but not both.
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184 *
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185 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (if your list has one)
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186 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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187 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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188 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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189 * @param new_node a pointer to the node that shall be appended
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190 */
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191 void cx_linked_list_add(
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192 void **begin,
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193 void **end,
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194 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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195 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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196 void *new_node
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197 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__(5)));
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198
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199 /**
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200 * Prepends a new node to a linked list.
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201 * The node must not be part of any list already.
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202 *
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203 * \remark One of the pointers \p begin or \p end may be \c NULL, but not both.
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204 *
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205 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (if your list has one)
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206 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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207 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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208 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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209 * @param new_node a pointer to the node that shall be prepended
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210 */
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211 void cx_linked_list_prepend(
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212 void **begin,
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213 void **end,
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214 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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215 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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216 void *new_node
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217 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__(5)));
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218
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219 /**
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220 * Links two nodes.
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221 *
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222 * @param left the new predecessor of \p right
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223 * @param right the new successor of \p left
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224 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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225 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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226 */
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227 void cx_linked_list_link(
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228 void *left,
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229 void *right,
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230 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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231 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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232 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__));
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233
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234 /**
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235 * Unlinks two nodes.
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236 *
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237 * If right is not the successor of left, the behavior is undefined.
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238 *
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239 * @param left the predecessor of \p right
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240 * @param right the successor of \p left
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241 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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242 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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243 */
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244 void cx_linked_list_unlink(
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245 void *left,
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246 void *right,
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247 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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248 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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249 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__));
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250
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251 /**
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252 * Inserts a new node after a given node of a linked list.
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253 * The new node must not be part of any list already.
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254 *
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255 * \note If you specify \c NULL as the \p node to insert after, this function needs either the \p begin or
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256 * the \p end pointer to determine the start of the list. Then the new node will be prepended to the list.
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257 *
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258 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (if your list has one)
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259 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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260 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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261 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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262 * @param node the node after which to insert (\c NULL if you want to prepend the node to the list)
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263 * @param new_node a pointer to the node that shall be prepended
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264 */
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265 void cx_linked_list_insert(
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266 void **begin,
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267 void **end,
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268 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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269 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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270 void *node,
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271 void *new_node
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272 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__(6)));
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273
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274 /**
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275 * Inserts a chain of nodes after a given node of a linked list.
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276 * The chain must not be part of any list already.
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277 *
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278 * If you do not explicitly specify the end of the chain, it will be determined by traversing
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279 * the \c next pointer.
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280 *
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281 * \note If you specify \c NULL as the \p node to insert after, this function needs either the \p begin or
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282 * the \p end pointer to determine the start of the list. If only the \p end pointer is specified, you also need
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283 * to provide a valid \p loc_prev location.
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284 * Then the chain will be prepended to the list.
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285 *
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286 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (if your list has one)
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287 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (if your list has one)
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288 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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289 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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290 * @param node the node after which to insert (\c NULL to prepend the chain to the list)
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291 * @param insert_begin a pointer to the first node of the chain that shall be inserted
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292 * @param insert_end a pointer to the last node of the chain (or NULL if the last node shall be determined)
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293 */
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294 void cx_linked_list_insert_chain(
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295 void **begin,
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296 void **end,
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297 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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298 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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299 void *node,
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300 void *insert_begin,
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301 void *insert_end
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302 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__(6)));
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303
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304 /**
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305 * Removes a node from the linked list.
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306 *
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307 * If the node to remove is the begin (resp. end) node of the list and if \p begin (resp. \p end)
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308 * addresses are provided, the pointers are adjusted accordingly.
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309 *
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310 * The following combinations of arguments are valid (more arguments are optional):
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311 * \li \p loc_next and \p loc_prev (ancestor node is determined by using the prev pointer, overall O(1) performance)
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312 * \li \p loc_next and \p begin (ancestor node is determined by list traversal, overall O(n) performance)
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313 *
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314 * \remark The \c next and \c prev pointers of the removed node are not cleared by this function and may still be used
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315 * to traverse to a former adjacent node in the list.
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316 *
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317 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (optional)
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318 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (optional)
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319 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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320 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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321 * @param node the node to remove
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322 */
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323 void cx_linked_list_remove(
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324 void **begin,
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325 void **end,
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326 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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327 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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328 void *node
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329 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__(5)));
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330
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331
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332 /**
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333 * Determines the size of a linked list starting with \p node.
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334 * @param node the first node
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335 * @param loc_next the location of the \c next pointer within the node struct
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336 * @return the size of the list or zero if \p node is \c NULL
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337 */
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338 size_t cx_linked_list_size(
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339 void const *node,
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340 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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341 );
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342
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343 /**
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344 * Sorts a linked list based on a comparison function.
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345 *
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346 * This function can work with linked lists of the following structure:
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347 * \code
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348 * typedef struct node node;
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349 * struct node {
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350 * node* prev;
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351 * node* next;
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352 * my_payload data;
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353 * }
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354 * \endcode
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355 *
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356 * @note This is a recursive function with at most logarithmic recursion depth.
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357 *
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358 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (required)
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359 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (optional)
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360 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if not present)
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361 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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362 * @param loc_data the location of the \c data pointer within your node struct
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363 * @param cmp_func the compare function defining the sort order
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364 */
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365 void cx_linked_list_sort(
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366 void **begin,
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367 void **end,
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368 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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369 ptrdiff_t loc_next,
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370 ptrdiff_t loc_data,
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371 cx_compare_func cmp_func
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372 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__(1, 6)));
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373
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374
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375 /**
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376 * Compares two lists element wise.
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377 *
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378 * \note Both list must have the same structure.
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379 *
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380 * @param begin_left the begin of the left list (\c NULL denotes an empty list)
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381 * @param begin_right the begin of the right list (\c NULL denotes an empty list)
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382 * @param loc_advance the location of the pointer to advance
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383 * @param loc_data the location of the \c data pointer within your node struct
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384 * @param cmp_func the function to compare the elements
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385 * @return the first non-zero result of invoking \p cmp_func or: negative if the left list is smaller than the
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386 * right list, positive if the left list is larger than the right list, zero if both lists are equal.
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387 */
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388 int cx_linked_list_compare(
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389 void const *begin_left,
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390 void const *begin_right,
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391 ptrdiff_t loc_advance,
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392 ptrdiff_t loc_data,
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393 cx_compare_func cmp_func
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394 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__(5)));
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395
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396 /**
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397 * Reverses the order of the nodes in a linked list.
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398 *
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399 * @param begin a pointer to the begin node pointer (required)
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400 * @param end a pointer to the end node pointer (optional)
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401 * @param loc_prev the location of a \c prev pointer within your node struct (negative if your struct does not have one)
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402 * @param loc_next the location of a \c next pointer within your node struct (required)
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403 */
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404 void cx_linked_list_reverse(
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405 void **begin,
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406 void **end,
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407 ptrdiff_t loc_prev,
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408 ptrdiff_t loc_next
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409 ) __attribute__((__nonnull__(1)));
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410
415
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411 #ifdef __cplusplus
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412 } // extern "C"
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413 #endif
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414
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415 #endif // UCX_LINKED_LIST_H

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